| Instrument | Agency | Missions | Status | Type | Measurements &
applications | Technical characteristics |
BRLK S-range
S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar | ROSKOSMOS | Current: Kondor-FKA N1, Kondor-FKA N2
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Disaster monitoring, sea surface monitoring, information support of environmental managment |
| Waveband: | S-band
S-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 1-12 m
Best resolution: 1 m |
| Swath width: | 10-100 km |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
C-Band SAR
C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar | ESA (COM) | Current: Sentinel-1 C, Sentinel-1 D
Future: -
Complete: Sentinel-1 B, Sentinel-1 A | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Marine core services, land monitoring and emergency services. Monitoring sea ice zones and arctic environment. Surveillance of marine environment, monitoring land surface motion risks, mapping of land surfaces (forest, water and soil, agriculture), mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations. |
| Waveband: | C-band: 5.405 GHz; HH, VV, HH+HV, VV+VH; Incidence angle: 20-45
MW, C-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | Strip mode: 9 m, Interferometric wide swath mode: 20 m, extra-wide swath mode: 50 m, wave mode: 50 m
Best resolution: 9 m |
| Swath width: | Strip mode: 80 km; Interferometric wide swath mode: 250 km, extra-wide swath mode: 400 km, Wave mode: sampled images of 20 x 20 km at 100 km intervals |
| Accuracy: | NESZ: -22 dB; PTAR: -25 dB; DTAR: -22 dB; Radiometric accuracy 1 dB (3 sigma); Radiometric stability: 0.5 dB (3 sigma) |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
COSI
Corea SAR Instrument | KARI (TAS-i) | Current: KOMPSAT-5
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | SAR for land applications of cartography and disaster monitoring. |
| Waveband: | microwave
MW, X-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | High: 1 m
Best resolution: 1 m |
| Swath width: | 100 km |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Very Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | HDF |
|
C-SAR
C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar | CNSA (CRESDA) | Current: GF-12, GF-3
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Earth resources, environmental monitoring, land use, urban studies. |
| Waveband: | C-Band: 8 - 4 GHz
C-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 1-500m
Best resolution: 500 m |
| Swath width: | 10-650KM |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | No Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
CSG SAR
COSMO-SkyMed di Seconda Generazione SAR | ASI (MoD (Italy)) | Current: CSG-1, CSG-2, CSG-3
Future: CSG-4
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | All-weather images of ocean, land and ice for monitoring of land surface processes, ice, environmental monitoring, risk management, environmental resources, maritime management, Earth topographic mapping. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: X-band (9.6 GHz) single-, dual- and quad- polarization
X-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | [range x azimuth]
Spotlight: 0.5x0.35 or 0.63x0.63 m (Single/Dual pol),
Stripmap: 3x3 m (Single/Dual/Quad pol), ScanSAR: 4x20 or 6x40 m (Single/Dual pol)
Best resolution: 0.35 m |
| Swath width: | 'Dual polarisation modes: Spotlight [range x azimuth]: 7.3x3.1 or 10x10 km, Stripmap: 40 km, ScanSAR: 100 or 200 km.
Quad polarisation mode: 15 km. |
| Accuracy: | - |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | HDF5,
GeoTiff,
GML JPEG2000,
STANAG 4545 |
|
PALSAR-2
Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 | JAXA | Current: ALOS-2
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Disaster monitoring, land monitoring, agricultural monitoring, natural resource exploration, global forest monitoring, potential use and interferometry. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: L-Band 1270 MHz
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | Spotlight mode (1 to 3 m), stripmap mode (3 to 10 m).
Best resolution: 1 m |
| Swath width: | Spotlight mode: 25km, Stripmap mode: 50-70 km, Scan SAR mode: 350 - 490 km, Polarimetry: 30-50 km |
| Accuracy: | Surface Resolution: 1 to 3 m (Spotlight Mode), 3m (Ultra-Fine Mode), 6m (High sensitive Mode), 10m (Fine Mode),100 m (Scan Mode); Radiometric: ±1 dB |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | CEOS SAR and GeoTiFF |
|
PALSAR-3
Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-3 | JAXA | Current: ALOS-4
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Disaster monitoring, land monitoring, agricultural monitoring, natural resource exploration, global forest monitoring, potential use and interferometry. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: L-Band 1270 MHz
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | Spotlight mode (1 to 3 m), stripmap mode (3 to 10 m).
Best resolution: 1 m |
| Swath width: | Spotlight mode: 35km, Stripmap mode: 100-200 km, Scan SAR mode: 700 km, Polarimetry: 100-200 km |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | CEOS SAR and GeoTiFF |
|
Paz SAR-X
X Band Synthetic Aperture Radar | CDTI (HISDESAT) | Current: PAZ
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | High resolution X-band radar for security, land use, urban management, environmental monitoring, risk management. Different acquisition modes: Spotlight (5 x 5-10 km SSD =<1 m), Scansar (100 x 100 km, SSD <=15 m); Stripmode (strips of 30 x 30 km with SSD 3 m). |
| Waveband: | The Radar will use a frequency close to 9.65 GHz with an BW of 300 MHz.
MW, X-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | Resolution will move between <1 x 1 m and 6 x 18m depending on acquisition modes.
Best resolution: 1 m |
| Swath width: | Swath will vary according to the acquisition mode: 5x5 km to 100 km x 100 km. |
| Accuracy: | Pixel Localization: Pixel Localization: 50 cm to 8.5 m (1s) depending of the product selected. |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
P-Band SAR
P-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar | ESA | Current: Biomass
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | Forest biomass monitoring. Products are Forest Above Ground Biomass, Forest height and Forest Distrubance. |
| Waveband: | P-band: 435 MHz; four polarization channels - HH, HV, VH, and VV - together with height measurements from polarimetric interferometry; incidence angles ranging from 23 to 31 degrees
P-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | SLC: 9x50 m2, GRD: 50x50 m2
Best resolution: 50 m |
| Swath width: | Stripmap with three swath (steered by rolling the satellite) with swath widths of 55, 53 and 45 km |
| Accuracy: | NESZ: -27 dB; TAR: -18 dB; DTAR: -22 dB; Radiometric accuracy 0.5 dB (3 sigma); Radiometric stability: 0.3 dB (3 sigma) |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | NetCDF-4 |
|
SAR (RADARSAT-2)
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) C band | CSA | Current: RADARSAT-2
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Imaging microwave radars | All-weather images of ocean, ice and land surfaces. Used for monitoring of coastal zones, polar ice, sea ice, sea state, geological features, vegetation and land surface processes. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: C band 5.405 GHz. HH, VV, HV, VH polarization - includes Quad polarization imaging modes.
MW, C-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | Spotlight: 5 - 2 x 0.8 m (1 look); Ultra-Fine: 5 - 2 x 3 m (1 look); Wide Ultra-Fine: 3 - 2 x 3 m (1 look); Multi-Look Fine/Wide MLF: 11 - 7 x 8 m (4 looks); Extra-Fine: 8 - 4 x 5 m (1 look) to 24 -12 x 24 m (28 looks); Fine: 10 - 7 x 8 m (1 look); Wide Fine: 15 - 7 x 8 m (1 look); Standard: 27 - 17 x 25 m (4 looks); Wide: 40 - 19 x 25 m (4 looks); Extended (H/L): 18 - 16 x 25 m / 53 - 23 x 25 m (4 looks); Fine Quad-Pol: 17 - 7 x 8 m (1 look); Wide Fine Quad-Pol: 17 - 8 x 8 m (1 look); Standard Quad-Pol: 29 - 18 x 8 m (1 look); Wide Standard Quad-Pol: 30 - 17 x 8 m (1 look); ScanSAR (N/W): 81 - 38 x 40 - 70 m / 163 - 73 x 78 - 106 m (4/8 looks); Ship Detection: 33 - 23 x 19 - 77 m (5 looks); Ocean Surveillance: 80 - 36 x 27 - 99 m (4 looks).
Best resolution: 0.8 m |
| Swath width: | Spotlight: 18 km [8 km along-track]; Ultra-Fine: 20 km; Wide Ultra-Fine: 50 km; Multi-Look Fine/Wide MLF: 50/90 km; Extra-Fine: 125 km; Fine: 50 km; Wide Fine: 150 km; Standard: 100 km; Wide: 150 km; Extended (H/L): 75/170 km; Fine Quad-Pol: 25 km; Wide Fine Quad-Pol: 50 km; Standard Quad-Pol: 25 km; Wide Standard Quad-Pol: 50 km; ScanSAR (N/W): 300/500 km; Ship Detection: 450 km; Ocean Surveillance: 500 km. |
| Accuracy: | Relative Radiometric Accuracy (within a 100 km scene): <1 dB |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | Image Products in a format that uses GeoTIFF for imagery and XML for metadata, or NITF for imagery and metadata. |
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