C-Band SAR Instrument

Identifierc-band-sarNamesC-Band Synthetic Aperture RadarC-Band SAR About identifiers

Measurements and Applications

Marine core services, land monitoring and emergency services. Monitoring sea ice zones and arctic environment. Surveillance of marine environment, monitoring land surface motion risks, mapping of land surfaces (forest, water and soil, agriculture), mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations.

Instrument Summary

Full Name
C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
Status
Operational
Instrument Agencies
ESA, COM
Maturity
Instrument Type
Imaging microwave radars
Geometry
Side-looking
Instrument Technology
Imaging radar (SAR)
Sampling
Imaging
Data Access
Open Access
Data Format

Performance Summary

Resolution
Strip mode: 9 m, Interferometric wide swath mode: 20 m, extra-wide swath mode: 50 m, wave mode: 50 m
[Best Resolution: 9m]
Swath
Strip mode: 80 km; Interferometric wide swath mode: 250 km, extra-wide swath mode: 400 km, Wave mode: sampled images of 20 x 20 km at 100 km intervals
[Max Swath: 400 km]
Accuracy
NESZ: -22 dB; PTAR: -25 dB; DTAR: -22 dB; Radiometric accuracy 1 dB (3 sigma); Radiometric stability: 0.5 dB (3 sigma)
Waveband
C-band: 5.405 GHz; HH, VV, HH+HV, VV+VH; Incidence angle: 20-45
MW (~0.1 cm - ~100 cm)
C-Band (8 - 4 GHz)

SAR Parameters

Compiled from the 2026 Extended Parameters Survey, agency-nominated technical contacts and published user guides; not yet collected through the annual CEOS MIM survey.
Band
C-Band
Centre Frequency
5.405 GHz
Max Bandwidth
100 MHz
Polarisation Channels
HH · HV · VV · VH
Polarisation Modes
single · dual
Look Direction
Right (nominal Right)
Antenna
Active phased-array antenna (C-band) — 12.3 × 0.821 m
Polarisation Notes
Dual-polarisation C-SAR: transmits H or V and receives both co- and cross-pol (HH/HV or VV/VH). No simultaneous quad-pol, no compact-pol. Land IW nominally VV+VH; sea-ice EW nominally HH+HV.
Source
ESA Sentinel-1 SAR User Guide / Product Definition + eoPortal; ARD values cross-checked vs Geoscience Australia Sentinel-1 NRB (CEOS-ARD)

Imaging Modes

Compiled from the 2026 Extended Parameters Survey, agency-nominated technical contacts and published user guides; not yet collected through the annual CEOS MIM survey.
ModeResolution az × rg (m)Swath (km)Incidence (°)PolarisationNESZ (dB)Bandwidth (MHz)Feeds product
Interferometric Wide swath (IW) IW20 × 525029.1–46VV+VH-2256.5Sentinel-1 NRB (Geoscience Australia) (CEOS-ARD)

Instrument Missions

Sentinel-1 A - Sentinel-1 A (2014 - 2026) sentinel-1-a_c-band-sar
Sentinel-1 B - Sentinel-1 B (2016 - 2022) sentinel-1-b_c-band-sar
Sentinel-1 C - Sentinel-1 C (2024 - 2034) sentinel-1-c_c-band-sar
Sentinel-1 D - Sentinel-1 D (2025 - 2035) sentinel-1-d_c-band-sar

Instrument Measurements