Sea-ice type Measurement Instruments

Measurement Definition: Parameter convolving several factors (age, roughness, density, etc.) - Accuracy expressed as number of classes. Actually [ classes-1 ] is used, so that smaller figure corresponds to better performance, as usual.
InstrumentStatus/
Accuracy
Instrument DescriptionMeasurement TechnologyTimeline
ASCATOperationalMeasures wind speed and direction over ocean, soil moisture, sea ice cover, sea ice type, snow cover and snow parameters and vegetation parametersRadar scatterometer
BRLK S-rangeOperationalDisaster monitoring, sea surface monitoring, information support of environmental managmentImaging radar (SAR)
C-Band SAROperationalMarine core services, land monitoring and emergency services. Monitoring sea ice zones and arctic environment. Surveillance of marine environment, monitoring land surface motion risks, mapping of land surfaces (forest, water and soil, agriculture), mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations.Imaging radar (SAR)
CSG SAROperationalAll-weather images of ocean, land and ice for monitoring of land surface processes, ice, environmental monitoring, risk management, environmental resources, maritime management, Earth topographic mapping.Imaging radar (SAR)
GSA (1)OperationalLand surface monitoringn/a
PALSAR-2OperationalDisaster monitoring, land monitoring, agricultural monitoring, natural resource exploration, global forest monitoring, potential use and interferometry.Imaging radar (SAR)
PALSAR-3OperationalDisaster monitoring, land monitoring, agricultural monitoring, natural resource exploration, global forest monitoring, potential use and interferometry.Imaging radar (SAR)
PAZ SAR-XOperationalHigh resolution X-band radar for security, land use, urban management, environmental monitoring, risk management. Spotlight, Scansar and Stripmap acquisition modes.Imaging radar (SAR)
SAR (RADARSAT-2)OperationalAll-weather images of ocean, ice and land surfaces. Used for monitoring of coastal zones, polar ice, sea ice, sea state, geological features, vegetation and land surface processes.Imaging radar (SAR)
SAR (RCM)OperationalAll-weather, C-band data to support ecosystem monitoring, maritime surveillance and disaster management.Imaging radar (SAR)
SAR 2000OperationalAll-weather images of ocean, land and ice for monitoring of land surface processes, ice, environmental monitoring, risk management, environmental resources, maritime management, Earth topographic mapping.Imaging radar (SAR)
SAR-LOperationalLand, ocean, emergencies, soil moisture, interferometry, others.Imaging radar (SAR)
S-Band SAR (HJ-2)OperationalRadar measurements for natural and disaster monitoring.Imaging radar (SAR)
Severyanin-MOperationalLand and sea surface monitoringImaging radar (SAR)
VIIRSOperationalGlobal observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere parameters: cloud/weather imagery, sea-surface temperature, ocean colour, land surface vegetation indices.n/a
WSAROperationalHigh resolution radar measurements of land and ocean features.Imaging radar (SAR)
X-Band SAROperationalHigh resolution images for monitoring of land surface and coastal processes and for agricultural, geological and hydrological applications.Imaging radar (SAR)
MWIBeing developedMeasure cloud liquid water content, solid/liquid precipitation information, total column water vapour and temperature profiles, sea ice parameters, sea surface temperature, sea surface wind speed.Multi-purpose imaging MW radiometer
SCABeing developedMeasures wind speed and direction over ocean, soil moisture, sea ice cover, sea ice type, snow cover and snow parameters and vegetation parametersRadar scatterometer
Imaging Microwave RadiometerApprovedA conical scanning total power radiometer operating in 5 bands (L/C/X/K/Ka) to provide high-spatial resolution microwave imaging radiometry measurements and derived products with continuous global coverage and sub-daily revisit in the polar regions and adjacent seas.Multi-purpose imaging MW radiometer
Kasatka-RApprovedDisaster monitoring, sea surface monitoring, information support of environmental managmentImaging radar (SAR)
L-Band SARApprovedL-band SAR instrument combining wide swath, high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, low ambiguity ratios, full polarimetric acquisition capability, and repeat-pass interferometry to support the retrieval of surface deformation over vegetated terrain, above-ground biomass density, soil moisture, land cover and land-cover change, flooded area information, ice sheet and glacier velocity, snow water, sea-ice conditions (type, concentration and motion), ocean winds and sea state conditions, as well as enhancing European maritime situational awareness.Imaging radar (SAR)
NG C-Band SARApprovedMarine core services, land monitoring and emergency services. Monitoring sea ice zones and arctic environment. Surveillance of marine environment, monitoring land surface motion risks, mapping of land surfaces (forest, water and soil, agriculture), mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations.Imaging radar (SAR)
Advanced SARNo longer consideredHigh resolution microwave radar images for ice watch.Imaging radar (SAR)