| Instrument | Agency | Missions | Status | Type | Measurements &
applications | Technical characteristics |
DDMI
Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument | NASA (NOAA) | Current: CYGNSS
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Other | Constellation of bistatic radar receivers using GPS satellite transmitters to detect ocean surface roughness and estimate near-surface wind speed from calm sea through hurricane force conditions and under all levels of precipitation. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: 1.575 GHz
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 20-50 km (variable in ground processing)
Best resolution: 20000 m |
| Swath width: | Field of view of potential GPS specular point contacts extends 740 km cross-track in both port and starboard directions. |
| Accuracy: | wind speed RMS retrieval uncertainty: 2 m/s for winds less than 20 m/s and 10% for winds greater than 20 m/s |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | NetCDF |
|
GNSS POD Receiver
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Precise Orbit Determination (POD) Receiver | ESA (COM) | Current: Sentinel-6 A Michael Freilich, Sentinel-6 B
Future: Sentinel-6 C
Complete: - | Operational | Precision orbit and atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Precision orbit determination. |
| Waveband: | L1/L2/L5
N/A, L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | NetCDF-4 |
|
GPS Receiver (Swarm)
Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver (Swarm) | ESA | Current: Swarm
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Precision orbit | Provides position and timing determination |
| Waveband: |
MW |
| Spatial resolution: | L1 C/A code range error better than 0.5 m RMS; L1/L2 P-code range error better than 0.25 m RMS; L1 carrier phase error better than 5 mm |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | |
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GPSP
Global Positioning System Payload | NASA | Current: SWOT
Future: -
Complete: OSTM (Jason-2), Jason-3 | Operational | Precision orbit | Precision orbit determination. |
| Waveband: | L1/L2/L5
N/A, L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | NetCDF |
|
SGR-ReSI-Z
Space GNSS Receiver - Remote Sensing Instrument (Zynq based) | UKSA (ESA) | Current: HydroGNSS
Future: -
Complete: - | Being developed | Other | Ocean winds, waves, soil moisture, flooding, freeze / thaw state over permafrost, biomass, ice, snow |
| Waveband: | L-Band (1575 MHz & 1176 MHz)
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 25 km for diffuse scattering, <1 km resolution for coherent reflections
Best resolution: 500 m |
| Swath width: | Tracks sampled up to approx 700 km apart, wider possible with different antenna, more channels |
| Accuracy: | Goals: Soil Moisture: 0.04 m3/m3, Freeze-Thaw: 90%, Inundation: 90%, Biomass: 20%, Ocean wind Speed: 2 m/s, Sea ice extent: 90%. |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | NetCDF L1b (Delay Doppler Maps) and L2 (Soil Moisture, Freeze Thaw, Inundation, Biomass, Ocean wind speed, Sea Ice Extent) |
|