| Instrument | Agency | Missions | Status | Type | Measurements &
applications | Technical characteristics |
Advanced Radiomet
Advanced Radio-occultation receiver | ROSHYDROMET | Current: -
Future: Meteor-MP N1, Meteor-MP N2, Meteor-MP N3
Complete: - | Proposed | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles with high vertical resolution. |
| Waveband: |
N/A |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
AIRS
Atmospheric Infra-red Sounder | NASA | Current: Aqua
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | High spectral resolution measurement of temperature and humidity profiles in the atmosphere. Long-wave Earth surface emissivity. Cloud diagnostics. Trace gas profiles. Surface temperatures. |
| Waveband: | VIS - TIR: 0.4 - 1.7 µm, 3.4 - 15.4 µm, Has approximately 2382 bands from VIS to TIR
VIS, NIR, MWIR, TIR |
| Spatial resolution: | 1.1 degree (13 x 13 km at nadir)
Best resolution: 13000 m |
| Swath width: | +/-48.95 degrees |
| Accuracy: | Humidity: 20%, Temperature: 1 K |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | HDF-EOS |
|
AMSU-A
Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A | NOAA (UKSA) | Current: Metop-B, Metop-C
Future: -
Complete: Metop-A, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, NOAA-19, NOAA-15 | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | All-weather night-day temperature sounding to an altitude of 45 km. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: 15 channels, 23.8 - 89.0 GHz
MW |
| Spatial resolution: | 48 km
Best resolution: 48000 m |
| Swath width: | 2054 km |
| Accuracy: | Temperature profile: 2 K, humidity: 3 kg/m2, ice & snow cover: 10% |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | Native, BUFR |
|
AMSU-A
Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A | NASA | Current: Aqua
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | All-weather night-day temperature sounding to an altitude of 45 km. AMSU-A on Aqua is still partially operational, with 9 of the 15 channels working and collecting data. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: 15 channels, 23.8 - 89.0 GHz
MW |
| Spatial resolution: | 48 km |
| Swath width: | 2054 km |
| Accuracy: | Temperature profile: 2 K, humidity: 3 kg/m2, ice & snow cover: 10% |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | HDF-EOS |
|
AOPOD
Atmosphere Occultation and Precision Orbit Determination | KASI | Current: KOMPSAT-5
Future: -
Complete: - | No longer operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | A spaceborne dual-frequency GPS receiver for Precision Orbit Determination (POD) and GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements |
| Waveband: | |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | |
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ATMS
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder | NASA (NOAA) | Current: NOAA-21
Future: JPSS-3, JPSS-4, QuickSounder, Suomi NPP, NOAA-20
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Collects microwave radiance data that when combined with the CrIS data will permit calculation of atmospheric temperature and water vapour profiles. |
| Waveband: | Microwave: 22 bands, 23-184 GHz
MW |
| Spatial resolution: | 5.2 - 1.1 deg |
| Swath width: | 2300 km |
| Accuracy: | 0.75 K - 3.60 K |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | NetCDF-4, HDF5 |
|
CrIS
Cross-track Infrared Sounder | NOAA | Current: NOAA-21
Future: JPSS-3, JPSS-4, Suomi NPP, NOAA-20
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Daily measurements of vertical atmospheric distribution of temperature, moisture, and pressure. MWIR non-operational on Suomi NPP effective 12 July 2021. |
| Waveband: | MWIR - TIR: 3.92 - 4.4 µm, 5.7 - 8.62 µm, 9.1 - 14.7 µm, 1300 spectral channels
MWIR, TIR, FIR |
| Spatial resolution: | IFOV 14 km diameter, 1 km vertical layer resolution
Best resolution: 14000 m |
| Swath width: | 2200 km |
| Accuracy: | Temperature profiles: to 0.9 K, Moisture profiles: 20 - 35%, Pressure profiles: 1% |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | HDF5 |
|
GHMS
Geostationary HiMawari Sounder | JMA | Current: -
Future: Himawari-10
Complete: - | Approved | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | |
| Waveband: | LWIR: 680 - 1095 cm^-1
MWIR: 1689 - 2250 cm^-1
MWIR, TIR |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | Full disk, Japan Area : fixed area, one Target Area : flexible area |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | |
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GIIRS-I
Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder-I | NSMC-CMA (CNSA) | Current: FY-4A
Future: -
Complete: - | No longer operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Measurement of the atmospheric infrared upwelling radiance with radiometric
calibration, the geolocation information, and the quality control information. The data are mainly used for NWP data assimilation, temperature and moisture
retrievals, trace gases retrieval, Land/Sea skin temperature retrieval, and cloud
properties research. |
| Waveband: | LWIR: 700-1130 cm-1, 538 channels
S/MIR: 1650-2250 cm-1, 375 channels
VIS: 0.55-0.75 µm, 1 channel
SWIR, MWIR, P-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | LWIR/SMWIR: 16km s.s.p
Panchromatic band: 2.0km s.s.p |
| Swath width: | The sounder scans the Earth in a "step-stare" mode. The observation area is a pre-designed region covering China's territory, and the coverage time is 2 hours. |
| Accuracy: | Radiometric accuracy: 1.5k (1σ); Spectral accuracy: 10 ppm (1σ) |
| Data Access: | No Access |
| Data Format: | L-1 data: HDF 5.0 |
|
GIIRS-II
Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder-II | NSMC-CMA (CNSA) | Current: FY-4B
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Measurement of the atmospheric infrared upwelling radiance with radiometric
calibration, the geolocation information, and the quality control information. The data are mainly used for NWP data assimilation, temperature and moisture
retrievals, trace gases retrieval, Land/Sea skin temperature retrieval, and cloud
properties research. |
| Waveband: | LWIR: 680-1130 cm-1, 721 channels
SMWIR: 1650-2250 cm-1, 961 channels
Panchromatic band: 0.55-0.75 µm, 1 channel
SWIR, MWIR, P-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | LWIR/SMWIR: 12km s.s.p
Panchromatic band: 1.0km s.s.p |
| Swath width: | The sounder scans the Earth in a "step-stare" mode. The observation area is a pre-designed region covering China's territory, and the coverage time is 1.5 hours. |
| Accuracy: | Radiometric accuracy: 0.7k (1σ); Spectral accuracy: 7 ppm (1σ) |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | L-1 data: HDF 5.0 |
|