| Instrument | Agency | Missions | Status | Type | Measurements &
applications | Technical characteristics |
Advanced Radiomet
Advanced Radio-occultation receiver | ROSHYDROMET | Current: -
Future: Meteor-MP N1, Meteor-MP N2, Meteor-MP N3
Complete: - | Proposed | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles with high vertical resolution. |
| Waveband: |
N/A |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Constrained Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
AOPOD
Atmosphere Occultation and Precision Orbit Determination | KASI | Current: KOMPSAT-5
Future: -
Complete: - | No longer operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | A spaceborne dual-frequency GPS receiver for Precision Orbit Determination (POD) and GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements |
| Waveband: | |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | |
| Data Format: | |
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GAP
GPS receiver-based Attitude, Position, and profiling experiment (GAP) | ESA | Current: ePOP on CASSIOPE
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Space environment | Used for spacecraft position and attitude determination and for ionospheric radio occultation profiling measurements in which the relative phase delay of the measured L1 and L2 signals (at frequencies of 1.57542 GHz and 1.2276 GHz, respectively) from different satellites of the GPS constellation will be used to determine the electron density profile of the ionosphere using tomographic techniques. The GAP is turned on an average of 10% of the time, following a schedule devised by the science team. |
| Waveband: | 1.57542 GHz and 1.2276 GHz
|
| Spatial resolution: | N/A |
| Swath width: | N/A |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | |
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GNOS-1
GNSS Radio Occultation Sounder-1 | NSMC-CMA (CNSA) | Current: FY-3D | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Atmospheric sounding for weather forecasting. |
| Waveband: |
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 0.5 km vertical
Best resolution: 500 m |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | L-1 data: NC |
|
GNOS-2
GNSS Radio Occultation Sounder-2 | NSMC-CMA (CNSA) | Current: FY-3E, FY-3F, FY-3G, FY-3H
Future: FY-3I, FY-3J
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Atmospheric sounding for weather forecasting. |
| Waveband: | L-Band
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 0.5 km vertical
Best resolution: 500 m |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | L-1 data: NC |
|
GNSS-RO Receiver
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)- Radio Occultation (RO) Receiver | NASA | Current: Sentinel-6 A Michael Freilich, Sentinel-6 B
Future: Sentinel-6 C
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Measurement of bending angles of GNSS satellite signals occulted by Earth's atmosphere for retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles. |
| Waveband: | L1/L2/L5
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | 0.15 to 1.5 km
Best resolution: 150 m |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | Bending Angle measurement accruacy: from 1 to 20 mRad (depending on altitude) |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
GPSRO (Terra-SAR)
GPS Radio Occultation System | NASA | Current: TerraSAR-X
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | Measurements of atmospheric temperature, pressure and water vapour content. |
| Waveband: |
N/A |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | ASCII, HDF-EOS, XML |
|
GRAS
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding | EUMETSAT (ESA) | Current: Metop-B, Metop-C
Future: -
Complete: Metop-A | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders and precision orbit | GNSS receiver for atmospheric temperature and humidity profile sounding. |
| Waveband: | L-Band
MW |
| Spatial resolution: | Vertical: 150 m (troposphere) and 1.5 km (stratosphere), Horizontal: 100 km approx (troposphere), 300 km approx (stratosphere)
Best resolution: 150 m |
| Swath width: | Altitude range of 5 - 30 km |
| Accuracy: | Temperature sounding to 1 K rms |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | Native |
|
RO
RO | EUMETSAT (ESA) | Current: METOP-SG A1
Future: METOP-SG B1, METOP-SG A2, METOP-SG A3, METOP-SG B2, METOP-SG B3, EPS-Aeolus
Complete: - | Being developed | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | GNSS receiver for atmospheric temperature and humidity profile sounding. |
| Waveband: | L-Band 1575.42, 1176.45 MHz
L-Band |
| Spatial resolution: | horizontal: 200 km
vertical: 0.5-1 km |
| Swath width: | Altitude range of
0-50 km (atmospheric bending angle, refractivity, temperature)
0-15 km (humidity)
80-500 km (ionospheric bending angle, electron density) |
| Accuracy: | Temperature sounding better 1 K rms |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | |
|
TGRS
Tri-GNSS Radio-occultation System | NOAA, TASA (UCAR) | Current: FORMOSAT-7, COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (1), COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (2), COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (3), COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (4), COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (5), COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 (6)
Future: -
Complete: - | Operational | Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders | TGRS is the radio occultation receiver, which will receive signals from GPS, Galileo, and Glonass. |
| Waveband: | |
| Spatial resolution: | |
| Swath width: | |
| Accuracy: | |
| Data Access: | Open Access |
| Data Format: | RINEX-2 (Low-rate data), opnGns (high-rate data), opnSnc (high-rate tracks) |
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