X-Band SAR Instrument

Identifierx-band-sar-terrasar-xNamesX-Band Synthetic Aperture RadarX-Band SAR About identifiers

Measurements and Applications

High resolution images for monitoring of land surface and coastal processes and for agricultural, geological and hydrological applications.

Instrument Summary

Full Name
X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
Status
Operational
Instrument Agencies
DLR
Maturity
High Heritage - Operational
Instrument Type
Imaging microwave radars
Geometry
Instrument Technology
Imaging radar (SAR)
Sampling
Other
Data Access
Open Access
Data Format

Performance Summary

Resolution
Spotlight: 1.2 x 1 - 4 m Stripmap: 3 x 3 - 6 m ScanSAR: 16 x 16 m
[Best Resolution: 1m]
Swath
Spotlight: 5-10km x 10 km, Stripmap: 30 km, ScanSAR: 100 km
[Max Swath: 100 km]
Accuracy
Waveband
9.65 GHz, 300 MHz bandwidth, all 4 polarisation modes
MW (~0.1 cm - ~100 cm)
X-Band (12.5 - 8 GHz)

SAR Parameters

Compiled from the 2026 Extended Parameters Survey, agency-nominated technical contacts and published user guides; not yet collected through the annual CEOS MIM survey.
Band
X-Band
Centre Frequency
9.65 GHz
Max Bandwidth
300 MHz
Polarisation Channels
HH · HV · VV · VH
Polarisation Modes
single · dual · quad
Look Direction
Both (nominal Right)
Antenna
Planar Slotted Waveguide Phased Array — 4.78 × 0.7 m
Polarisation Notes
singlePol, dualPol, quadPol (experimantal DRA-Mode)
Source
2026 Extended Parameters Survey (DLR, 2026-09-18)

Imaging Modes

Compiled from the 2026 Extended Parameters Survey, agency-nominated technical contacts and published user guides; not yet collected through the annual CEOS MIM survey.
ModeResolution az × rg (m)Swath (km)Incidence (°)PolarisationNESZ (dB)Bandwidth (MHz)
Staring SpotLight ST
Ultra high Resolution, very small coverage and variable SNR over azimuth
0.4 × 0.94.6 (2.8 along-track)20–45HH-18300
HighRes SpotLight 300 MHz (SinglePol) HS300 SinglePol
Very high Resolution, small coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
1.1 × 0.94.6 (5 along-track)20–55HH-19300
HighRes SpotLight 300 MHz (DualPol) HS300 DualPol
Very high Resolution, small coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
1.1 × 0.93 (5 along-track)20–55HH+VV-19300
HighRes SpotLight 300 MHz (QuadPol) HS300 QuadPol (DRA Exp)
Very high Resolution, small coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
1.1 × 0.93 (5 along-track)20–55HH+HV+VH+VV-19300
HighRes SpotLight (SinglePol) HS SinglePol
Higher Resolution, smaller coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
1.1 × 1.210 (5 along-track)20–55HH-19150
HighRes SpotLight (DualPol) HS DualPol
Higher Resolution, smaller coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
2.2 × 2.210 (5 along-track)20–55HH+VV-19150
HighRes SpotLight (QuadPol) HS QuadPol (DRA Exp)
Higher Resolution, smaller coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
2.2 × 2.210 (5 along-track)20–55HH+HV+VH+VV-16150
SpotLight (SinglePol) SL SinglePol
High Resolution, moderate coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
1.7 × 1.71020–55HH-19150
SpotLight (DualPol) SL DualPol
High Resolution, moderate coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
3.4 × 3.41020–55HH+VV-19150
SpotLight (QuadPol) SL QuadPol (DRA Exp)
High Resolution, moderate coverage and constant SNR over azimuth
3.4 × 3.41020–55HH+HV+VH+VV-16150
StripMap (SinglePol) SM SinglePol
Nominal Resolution, nominal coverage
3.3 × 1.230 (50 along-track)20–45HH-19150
StripMap (DualPol) SM DualPol
Nominal Resolution, half swath coverage
6.6 × 6.615 (50 along-track)20–45HH+VV-19150
StripMap (QuadPol) SM QuadPol (DRA Exp)
Nominal Resolution, half swath coverage
6.6 × 6.615 (50 along-track)20–45HH+HV+VH+VV-16150
ScanSAR SC (4-beam)
Low Resolution, greater swath coverage
18.5 × 17100 (150 along-track)20–45HH-19100
Wide ScanSAR SC (6-beam)
Lower Resolution, wide swath coverage
31 × 40270 (200 along-track)15.6–49HH-18100

Instrument Missions

TerraSAR-X - TerraSAR-X (2007 - 2031) terrasar-x_x-band-sar-terrasar-x
TanDEM-X - TerraSAR-X Add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (2010 - 2029) tandem-x_x-band-sar-terrasar-x

Instrument Measurements