CEOS EO HANDBOOK – MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
Measurements > Atmosphere >
Radiation budget >
Downwelling (Incoming) solar radiation at TOA


Measurement Definition*: Flux density of the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere - Physical unit [ W/m2 ], Accuracy unit [ W/m2 ]

Thematic Links
InstrumentStatus/
Accuracy
Instrument DescriptionMeasurement TechnologyTimeline
ABI
Advanced Baseline Imager
Operational
Detects clouds, cloud properties, water vapour, land and sea surface temperatures, dust, aerosols, volcanic ash, fires, total ozone, snow and ice cover, vegetation index.n/a
CERES
Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System
Operational
Long term measurement of the Earth's radiation budget and atmospheric radiation from the top of the atmosphere to the surface; provision of an accurate and self-consistent cloud and radiation database.n/a
CLARA
Compact Lightweight Absolute Radiometer
Operational
CLARA is a scientific instrument that will be used to determine the total solar irradiance of the Sun.n/a
ERM-2
Improved Earth Radiation Measurement
Operational
Measures Earth radiation gains and losses on regional, zonal and global scales.n/a
GOME-2
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment - 2
Operational
Measurement of total column amounts and stratospheric and tropospheric profiles of ozone. Also amounts of H20, NO2, OClO, BrO, SO2 and HCHO.n/a
SIM-2
Solar Irradiation Monitor-2
Operational
Solar irradiance monitoring.n/a
SIMBA Instrument
SIMBA Instrument
Operational
Achieve a high absolute accuracy by employing the same instrument for the very first time to measure irradiance from both the Sun and Earth. The CubeSat will turn from our planet to deep space – for calibration purposes – then to our parent star.n/a
TSIS-1/SIM
Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance Sensor 1 - Spectral Irradiance Monitor
Operational
+/-0.2 %
Measures solar spectral irradiance in the 0.2 - 2 µm range.n/a
TSIS-1/TIM
Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance Sensor 1 - Total Irradiance Monitor
Operational
+/-0.035 %
Measurement of total solar irradiance directly traceable to SI units with an absolute accuracy of 0.035% and relative accuracy of 0.002% per year.n/a
CSAR
Cryogenic Solar Absolute Radiometer
Being developed
Primary Standard for Solar radiation, traceable to SI units, provide very high accuracy (goal 0.03% ARA) TSI (Total Solar Irradiance) measurementsn/a
GXI
GeoXO Imager
Being developed
Detects clouds, cloud properties, water vapour, land and sea surface temperatures, dust, aerosols, volcanic ash, fires, total ozone, snow and ice cover, vegetation index.n/a
HIS
Hyperspectral imaging Spectrometer
Being developed
Pushbroom-type dual-prism Imaging Spectrometer with high radiometric accuracy and medium Signal-to-noise Ratio, operating from UV (320 nm) to SWIR (2400 nm) , based on a single MCT Detector/focal plane. The HIS aims at accurate spectral imaging on land and ocean for climatological background radiometric data acquistion and supporting cross-calibration with other stellites/sensors and on PICS/instrumented sites with highest resolution (50 m)n/a
TSIS-2/SIM
Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance Sensor 2 - Spectral Irradiance Monitor
Being developed
+/-0.5 %
Measures spectral solar irradiance over three bands ranging from 200 to 2400 nm.n/a
TSIS-2/TIM
Total Solar and Spectral Irradiance Sensor 2 - Total Irradiance Monitor
Being developed
+/-0.02 %
Measures total solar irradiance over the full spectrum.n/a
* Description adapted from WMO.