| CEOS EO HANDBOOK – MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
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Measurements > Atmosphere >
Radiation budget >
Upwelling (Outgoing) long-wave radiation at Earth surface
  | Measurement Definition*: Flux of thermal radiation from the Earth’s surface - Physical unit: [ W/m2 ] - Accuracy unit: [ W/m2 ]. |
| Instrument | Status/
Accuracy | Instrument Description | Measurement Technology | Timeline |
AIRS
Atmospheric Infra-red Sounder | Operational
| High spectral resolution measurement of temperature and humidity profiles in the atmosphere. Long-wave Earth surface emissivity. Cloud diagnostics. Trace gas profiles. Surface temperatures. | n/a | |
AMI
Advanced Meteorological Imager | Operational
| Continuous monitoring capability for the near real-time generation of high-resolution meteorological products and long-term change analysis of land/sea surface temperature and cloud coverage. | Multi-purpose imaging Vis/IR radiometer | |
CERES
Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System | Operational
| Long term measurement of the Earth's radiation budget and atmospheric radiation from the top of the atmosphere to the surface; provision of an accurate and self-consistent cloud and radiation database. | n/a | |
Imager (INSAT 3D)
Very High Resolution Radiometer | Operational
| Cloud cover, severe storm warnings/monitoring day and night (type, amount, storm features), atmospheric radiance winds, atmospheric stability rainfall. | Multi-purpose imaging Vis/IR radiometer | |
NISTAR
NIST Advanced Radiometer | Operational
| Measure the energy emitted and reflected by the Earth. | n/a | |
VIIRS
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite | Operational
| Global observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere parameters: cloud/weather imagery, sea-surface temperature, ocean colour, land surface vegetation indices. | Multi-purpose imaging Vis/IR radiometer | |
HIS
Hyperspectral imaging Spectrometer | Being developed
| Pushbroom-type dual-prism Imaging Spectrometer with high radiometric accuracy and medium Signal-to-noise Ratio, operating from UV (320 nm) to SWIR (2400 nm) , based on a single MCT Detector/focal plane. The HIS aims at accurate spectral imaging on land and ocean for climatological background radiometric data acquistion and supporting cross-calibration with other stellites/sensors and on PICS/instrumented sites with highest resolution (50 m) | n/a | |
Libera
| Being developed
| 5-year design mission. The mission focuses on understanding the flow of energy out of the planet and how it changes over time. | n/a | |
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* Description adapted from WMO.
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